[Gender Experiences of Transgender Youth: How Changeable is the Gender Experience of Binary vs. Nonbinary Identifying Transgender Youth and What Factors Are Involved?] / Wie veränderbar ist das Geschlechtserleben von binär vs. nichtbinär identifizierten transgeschlechtlichen Jugendlichen und welche Einflussfaktoren gibt es?

Gender Experiences of Transgender Youth: How Changeable is the Gender Experience of Binary vs. Nonbinary Identifying Transgender Youth and What Factors Are Involved? Abstract: Objectives: Nonbinary gender identities are becoming increasingly visible in transgender healthcare and research. However, little is known about the various gender identities of transgender adolescents - whether they are stable or fluid and which factors influence their gender experience. The present study investigates these different aspects of gender in transgender adolescents with various gender identities. Method: The sample comprised a recent cohort of 114 adolescents diagnosed with gender dysphoria (GD) attending the Hamburg Gender Identity Service for Children and Adolescents (Hamburg GIS). We used the Gender Diversity Questionnaire to assess the different aspects of gender. Results: In total, 83 % of the sample reported a binary (BI) and 17 % a nonbinary gender identity or were still questioning their gender identity (NBGQ). 15-18 % of the transgender adolescents reported gender fluidity. The NBGQ group reported significantly higher levels of gender fluidity or more often that their gender identity was still open to change, respectively, than the BI group. Puberty (79 %), physical distress (70 %), and social media (36 %) were the most frequently mentioned factors influencing their gender experience. Conclusions: The present study underscores that gender experience is not binary and fixed for all transgender adolescents, but that, in some cases, it may be nonbinary or fluid. This heterogeneity, the possible fluidity, and the puberty-related physical distress may challenge treatment decisions in transgender adolescents diagnosed with GD. This situation highlights the importance of developing individualized treatment plans.

[Questions and challenges in the diagnostics of gender identity disorder. Review and case vignettes].

Professionals working in the field of psychiatry have recently been increasingly encountering patients seeking help who define themselves as transsexual. Gender identity and gender self-expression of transsexual people do not match their biological sex, and they also feel an intense desire and urge to change their officially registered gender at birth and their physical appearance - even by using hormone therapy or surgery. In their case, the diagnosis of gender identity disorder as a disease category enables the use of medical interventions and health services necessary for transition. At the same time, the diagnosis is complicated by the fact that there is currently no specific psychodiagnostic procedure suitable for the clear identification of gender identity disorder, and gender incongruence can also appear as a symptom of many other mental disorders. Therefore, careful differential diagnosis is essential to establish a well-founded diagnosis, with the help of this literature review that summarizes other mental illnesses with similar symptoms as well as the more common comorbid pathologies.

[Experiences of Children with Gender Dysphoria/Gender Incongruence and their Parents with the Health Care System in Germany]. / Erfahrungen von Kindern mit Geschlechtsdysphorie/ Geschlechtsinkongruenz und ihren Eltern mit dem Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland.

The aim of the study is to describe experiences within the health care system of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria/gender incongruence (GD/GI) as well as their parents in Germany.The findings are intended to improve health care of children and adolescents with GD/GI and their families and have been incorporated into the development of the new S3 Guidelines "Gender Incongruence and Gender Dysphoria in Childhood and Adolescence: Diagnosis and Treatment". A total of 78 people, 35 children, adolescents, and young adults (6- 21 years) with GD/GI as well as 33mothers and 10 fathers, were interviewed. Seventeen semistructured individual interviews and five focus groups were conducted. Many of the participants reported waiting times of several months or years as well as inadequately trained doctors and therapists. A trans*identity, especially amongst smaller children and their parents, was often dismissed by health care providers, as a temporary phenomenon or an imagination of the child or the parents. Trans*ident children, adolescents and young adults as well as their parents were rarely perceived as experts in their own right. Recommendations for an affirmative care of trans* children and adolescents are formulated.

Voice And Gender Incongruence: Relationship Between Vocal Self-Perception And Mental Health Of Trans Women.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between vocal perception and Common Mental Disorders (CMD) suspicion in trans women. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study including 24 adult trans women with a minimum time of presentation as a woman of six months. The sampling of the subjects was supported by the "Snowball" technique. Three questionnaires were applied for data collection: sociodemographic and health data, Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ). The sociodemographic and health data collected were: age, marital status, education, smoking habits, speech therapy, use of hormones, and whether they had undergone Sex Reassignment Surgery (SRG). SRQ-20 was used for suspicion of CMD evaluation, such as depressive and anxiety symptoms. TWVQ is a vocal self-report questionnaire for trans women living the full-time gender role in which they self-identify. TWVQ has a minimum score of 30 points and a maximum of 120 points. Higher scores are associated with perceptions of a higher frequency of voice-related difficulties and psychosocial impacts. For statistical analysis, data were analyzed descriptively and statistically using Fisher's and Mann-Whitney's exact tests, both with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The average participants' age in this study was 28.2 years old (SD = 6.5 / minimum = 21 and maximum = 48); 83.3% were single; most (41.7%) were high school graduates; and most (95.83%) had not undergone Sex Reassignment Surgery. All subjects reported using hormones; 37.5% were smokers; 4.2% had undergone speech therapy; and the average number of years of experience in the female role was 8.8 years (SD = 7.2). The average TWVQ score was 55.4 points (SD = 4.3). Through SRQ-20, it was verified the prevalence of suspected CMD in 58.3% of the participants. The study results indicated that communicative dissatisfaction in trans women due to inconsistent voice with the recognized gender is associated with probable CMD such as depression and anxiety (P= 0.001). CONCLUSION: Trans women who reported greater difficulties and voice-related effects in their lives had more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Although more research is needed, results indicate the need for inter-professional preventive and therapeutic actions directed towards assisting trans women. This fact encourages reflection on the care of this population and the role of health professionals, enhancing scientific production, clinical practice and the inclusion of the "transsexuality" theme in Speech Language and Hearing Sciences.

Comparison of Cervical Cancer Screen Results on Female-to-Male Transgender Patients With Female Patients.

OBJECTIVES: There are limited data on cervical screen results from female-to-male (FTM) transgender patients. Herein, we compiled demographic information and cervical screen testing on FTM transgender patients and compared with age-appropriate controls. METHODS: A search of our previous and current databases was performed for Papanicolaou (Pap) tests from patients taking testosterone and/or with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, transsexualism, or transvestism. Patient data were reviewed. Relative risks of abnormal Pap smear and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection were calculated against age-matched controls. RESULTS: Eighty-nine Pap tests from FTM transgender individuals were identified, with a mean age of 31.3 years (range, 21-60 years). The Pap test diagnoses were distributed as follows: negative for intraepithelial lesion (n = 84, 94.4%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (n = 0), low-grade intraepithelial lesion (n = 4, 4.5%), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (n = 1, 1.1%). Fifty (56.2%) patients had concurrent high-risk HPV testing with four (8%) positive results. Relative risk was 0.625 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25-1.59; P = .32) for an abnormal Pap test and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.19-1.52; P = .24) for HPV compared with 267 age-matched controls. Of note, 13.5% of patients older than 21 years had documentation of never having a prior Pap test in our medical record. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, FTM transgender individuals were not at a higher or lower risk of HPV infection or abnormal Pap test result compared with women. However, larger studies are needed to support our findings.

Corpo da criança, corpo do adulto: um olhar sobre as revisões diagnósticas que compõem fronteiras entre pessoas trans / Child's body, adult's body: a look at the diagnostic reviews that make up boundaries between trans people / Corpo del niño, corpo del adulto: una mirada sobre las revisiones diagnósticas que componen las fronteras entre personas trans

Resumo A categoria "criança trans" passou a aparecer com mais recorrência em manuais diagnósticos ao longo dos últimos oito anos. Embora a transexualidade antes fosse entendida como uma questão geral, possível de ser encontrada em diferentes etapas da vida, essa identidade passou a ser descrita enquanto um gênero específico para meninos e meninas. Assim, a transexualidade "na" infância converteu-se em uma transexualidade "da" infância, deslocamento responsável por produzir efeitos expressivos. Ao passo que a criança trans era registrada na literatura médica como um sujeito que demandava tratamentos em saúde mental, esse movimento fez com que fossem fabricadas determinadas fronteiras entre infância e adultez. A proposta deste artigo é perseguir alguns caminhos que demonstram como a estratificação etária da transexualidade recorreu a um engessamento do gênero.

Abstract The category "trans children" has appeared more frequently in diagnostic manuals over the past eight years. Although transsexuality was once understood as a general issue that could be found at different stages of life, this identity has come to be described as a gender specifically for boys and girls. Thus, transsexuality "in" childhood was understood as being "of" childhood, displacement responsible for producing expressive effects. While the trans child was recorded in the medical literature as a subject that required mental health treatments, this movement led to the establishment of certain boundaries between childhood and adulthood. This article's purpose is to follow some paths that illustrate how age stratification of transsexuality resorted to gender crystallization.

Resumen La categoría "niño trans" empezó a aparecer de forma recurrente en los manuales diagnósticos a lo largo de los últimos ocho años. Aunque la transexualidad fuera entendida como una cuestión general, posible de ser encontrada en diferentes etapas de la vida, esta identidad pasó a ser descrita como un género específico para niños y niñas. De esta manera, la transexualidad "en" la niñez fue entendida como transexualidad "de" la niñez, desplazamiento responsable por producir efectos expresivos. A la vez que el niño trans fue registrado en la literatura médica como un sujeto que demandaba tratamiento para la salud mental, este movimiento fabricó determinadas fronteras entre la niñez y la adultez. La proposta del presente artículo es perseguir algunos caminos que ilustran cómo la estratificación por edad recurrió a un retesamiento del género.

Validating Data-Driven Methods for Identifying Transgender Individuals in the Veterans Health Administration of the US Department of Veterans Affairs.

We sought to operationalize and validate data-driven approaches for identifying transgender individuals in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) of the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) through a retrospective analysis using VA administrative data from 2006-2018. Besides diagnoses of gender identity disorder (GID), a combination of non-GID data elements was used to identify potentially transgender veterans, including 1) an International Classification of Diseases (Ninth or Tenth Revision) code of endocrine disorder, unspecified or not otherwise specified; 2) receipt of sex hormones not associated with the sex documented in the veteran's records (gender-affirming hormone therapy); and 3) a change in the veteran's administratively recorded sex. Both GID and non-GID data elements were applied to a sample of 13,233,529 veterans utilizing the VHA of the VA between January 2006 and December 2018. We identified 10,769 potentially transgender veterans. Based on a high positive predictive value for GID-coded veterans (83%, 95% confidence interval: 77, 89) versus non-GID-coded veterans (2%, 95% confidence interval: 1, 11) from chart review validation, the final analytical sample comprised only veterans with a GID diagnosis code (n = 9,608). In the absence of self-identified gender identity, findings suggest that relying entirely on GID diagnosis codes is the most reliable approach for identifying transgender individuals in the VHA of the VA.

Transsexualism or psychotic disorder? A case study. / Transseksualizm czy zaburzenia psychotyczne? Opis przypadku.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the case of a man suffering from paranoid schizophrenia who experiences delusions and hallucinations concerning gender change, and to present ashort overview of the literature. The data presented in the case study were collected during a clinical interview, in the six-month diagnostic process. The interview was partly structured; the battery of tests were also used: MMPI-2, SCID-I, SCID-II, IPP, MoCA, and WAIS-R. A case study of a person whose birth-assigned sex was male but who identifies as female. In the diagnostic process, it turned out that he had delusions and hallucinations, which seem to have a dominant impact on the gender incongruence. The results of the tests seem to confirm the hypothesis that the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia was right. Taking into consideration the presented case study, it can be stated that, diagnosing transsexualism, it is vital to distinguish it from psychotic disorders.

How gender dysphoria and incongruence became medical diagnoses - a historical review.

This article is a historical review of the medical and psychiatric diagnoses associated with transgender people across epochs. Ancient Greek and Roman writings already mention gender change. Before a diagnosis even existed, historical documents described the lives of numerous people whom we would consider transgender today. The development of medical classifications took off in the nineteenth century, driven by the blooming of natural sciences. In the nineteenth century, most authors conflated questions of sexual orientation and gender. For example, the psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing reported cases of transgender people but understood them as paranoia, or as the extreme degree of severity in a dimension of sexual inversion. In the early 1900s, doctors such as Magnus Hirschfeld first distinguished homosexual and transgender behaviour. The usual term for transgender people was transvestite, before Harry Benjamin generalised the term transsexual in the mid-20th century. The term transgender became common in the 1970s. This article details the evolution of diagnoses for transgender people from DSM-III and ICD-10 to DSM-5 and ICD-11.

Approach to Interpreting Common Laboratory Pathology Tests in Transgender Individuals.

CONTEXT: As the number of transgender (trans) people (including those who are binary and/or nonbinary identified) seeking gender-affirming hormone therapy rises, endocrinologists are increasingly asked to assist with interpretation of laboratory tests. Many common laboratory tests such as hemoglobin, iron studies, cardiac troponin, and creatinine are affected by sex steroids or body size. We seek to provide a summary of the impact of feminizing and masculinizing hormone therapy on common laboratory tests and an approach to interpretation. CASES: Case scenarios discussed include 1) hemoglobin and hematocrit in a nonbinary person undergoing masculinizing hormone therapy; 2) estimation of glomerular filtration rate in a trans woman at risk of contrast-induced nephropathy; 3) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a trans woman; and 4) chest pain in a trans man with a cardiac troponin concentration between the reported male and female reference ranges. CONCLUSIONS: The influence of exogenous gender-affirming hormone therapy on fat and muscle distribution and other physiological changes determines interpretation of laboratory tests that have sex-specific differences. In addition to affirmative practice to ensure a patient's name, gender, and pronoun are used appropriately, we propose that once individuals have commenced gender-affirming hormone therapy, the reference range of the affirmed gender be reported (and specified by treating clinicians) except for PSA or cardiac troponin, which are dependent on organ size. While suggestions may be challenging to implement, they also represent an opportunity to lead best practice to improve the quality of care and experiences of healthcare for all trans people.

Transexualidad: transiciones, detransiciones y arrepentimientos en España / Transsexuality: Transitions, detransitions, and regrets in Spain

INTRODUCCIÓN: La demanda de atención sanitaria a personas transexuales o con incongruencia de género ha aumentado en los últimos años, sobre todo a expensas de jóvenes y adolescentes. También en paralelo ha aumentado el número de personas que refieren una pérdida o modificación en el sentimiento de género inicialmente expresado. Aunque siguen siendo minoría, nos enfrentamos cada vez más a casos complejos de personas transexuales que solicitan detransicionar y revertir los cambios conseguidos por arrepentimientos. OBJETIVO: Relatar nuestra experiencia con un grupo de personas transexuales en fase de detransición. Analizar su experiencia personal y los conflictos generados y reflexionar sobre estos procesos nunca antes descritos en España. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Cohorte de 796 personas con incongruencia de género atendidas desde enero de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2018 en la Unidad de Identidad de Género del departamento Valencia Doctor Peset. De los 8 casos documentados de detransición y/o desistencia se relatan los 4 más representativos y que consideramos más ilustrativos de esta realidad. RESULTADOS: Las causas observadas que motivaron su detransición fueron la desistencia identitaria, las variantes de género no binarias, la psicomorbilidad asociada y la confusión entre identidad y orientación sexual. CONCLUSIÓN: La detransición es un fenómeno de presentación creciente que conlleva problemas clínicos, psicológicos y sociales. Una incorrecta evaluación y recurrir a la medicalización como única vía de mejora de la disforia en algunos jóvenes puede conducir a posteriores detransiciones. Es fundamental una atención integral dentro de un equipo multidisciplinar con experiencia. A falta de más estudios que determinen posibles factores predictivos de detransición, es recomendable proceder con prudencia en casos de historias identitarias atípicas

INTRODUCTION: Health care demand by transsexual people has recently increased, mostly at the expense of young and adolescents. The number of people who report a loss of or change in the former identity feeling (identity desistance) has also increased. While these are still a minority, we face more and more cases of transsexual people who ask for detransition and reversal of the changes achieved due to regret. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with a group of transsexual people in detransition phase, and to analyze their personal experience and their associated conflicts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cohort of 796 people with gender incongruence attending the Identity Gender Unit of Doctor Peset University Hospital from January 2008 to December 2018 was studied. Four of the eight documented cases of detransition and/or regret are reported as the most representative. RESULTS: Causes of detransition included identity desistance, non-binary gender variants, associated psicomorbidities, and confusion between sexual identity and sexual orientation. CONCLUSION: Detransition is a growing phenomenon that implies clinical, psychological, and social issues. Inadequate evaluation and use of medicalization as the only means to improve gender dysphoria may lead to later detransition in some teenagers. Comprehensive care by a multidisciplinary and experienced team is essential. As there are no studies reporting the factors predictive of detransition, caution is recommended in cases of atypical identity courses

[Diagnostics, counselling and treatment in the context of gender incongruence, gender dysphoria and trans health : Practical information regarding the S3 guideline]. / Diagnostik, Beratung und Behandlung im Kontext von Geschlechtsinkongruenz, Geschlechtsdysphorie und Trans­Gesundheit : Praxisrelevantes zur S3-Leitlinie.

INTRODUCTION: This paper introduces the German S3-guideline Gender Incongruence, Gender Dysphoria and Trans Health: Diagnostics, Counselling and Treatment that was finalized in October 2018. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the guideline group was to adapt the 1997 Standards for Treatment and Expert Opinion on Transsexuals to current scientific developments and research results and to make them applicable for appropriate health care in Germany. METHODS: The treatment recommendations of the guideline are based on empirical evidence which was systematically researched and evaluated. In a structured consensus process, the guideline group, who is representative for the target group, and a stakeholder group of trans people in Germany agreed on 100 recommendations. RESULTS: The guideline aims to individualize and deregulate the field of trans health care. Reasonable options for the treatment of gender incongruence and/or gender dysphoria are identified. Based on empirical and clinical evidence, a procedure is recommended which is tailored to the individual conditions of the treatment. CONCLUSION: The guideline reflects the current international state of trans health care on the basis of empirical evidence and relates it to the German health care system. Its application should be backed up by clinical and therapeutic expertise.

[Transsexualism and transgender medicine - what every internal specialist should know about]. / Transsexualität und Transgender-Medizin ­ Was jeder Internist wissen sollte.

The authors present current findings on transsexualism and its treatment. According to the ICD-10, transsexualism is defined as the "desire to live and be accepted as a member of the opposite sex, usually accompanied by a sense of discomfort with, or inappropriateness of, one's anatomic sex, and a wish to have surgery and hormonal treatment to make one's body as congruent as possible with one's preferred sex." Synonyms of transsexualism are terms such as gender dysphoria reflecting the distress that persons feel due to a mismatch between their gender identity and their sex assigned at birth.The prevalence of transsexualism is estimated to be about 0,6 %. The diagnosis of transsexualism is made by psychiatrists, but at least five more medical specialties (endocrinologist, surgeon, ear, nose and throat specialist, speech therapist and dermatologist) are involved when treating transsexual persons. Hormonal therapy is a very important element of the treatment process; due to the complexity of transsexualism it should be undertaken by endocrinologists with experience and expertise in this field.

Crianças e Adolescentes trans. A construção de categorias entre profissionais de saúde / Transgender Children and Adolescents. Categories construction among health professionals / Niños y Adolescentes trans. Construcción de categorias entre los profesionales de la salud

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever e discutir os significados e concepções atribuídos por um grupo de profissionais de saúde às categorias "crianças" e "adolescentes" trans e sua relação com as práticas de cuidado por eles realizadas, privilegiando uma abordagem sociocultural sobre o cuidado. Baseia-se em uma pesquisa de abordagem etnográfica que incluiu a realização de entrevistas em profundidade com profissionais de saúde que atuam ou já atuaram em serviços especializados no atendimento de crianças e adolescentes trans e seus familiares, localizados no Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados apontam como as definições dos profissionais sobrepõem critérios biomédicos e concepções socioculturais de gênero, revelando impasses e controvérsias implicadas na avaliação diagnóstica da identidade de gênero de crianças e adolescentes em termos de fixidez e permanência.

Abastract This article describes and discusses the meanings and conceptions attributed by a group of health professionals to the categories trans "children" and "adolescents" and their relationship with the care practices performed by these professionals, prioritizing a socio-cultural approach of care. It is based on an ethnographic approach to indepth interviews with health professionals who work or have worked in specialized services in the care of trans children and adolescents and their families, located in the State of São Paulo. The results show how the professionals definitions overlap biomedical criteria and socio-cultural conceptions of gender, revealing impasses and controversies involved in the diagnostic evaluation of the gender identity of children and adolescents in terms of fixity and permanence.

Resumen El artículo pretende describir y discutir los significados y concepciones que un grupo de profesionales de la salud atribuye a las categorías "niños" y "adolescentes" trans y su relación con las prácticas de cuidado que realizan, según un enfoque sociocultural del cuidado. Se basa en una investigación de enfoque etnográfico que incluyó entrevistas en profundidad con profesionales de la salud que trabajan o han trabajado en servicios especializados en la atención de niños y adolescentes trans y sus familias, ubicados en el Estado de São Paulo. Los resultados muestran cómo las definiciones de los profesionales se superponen a los criterios biomédicos y a las concepciones socioculturales de género, revelando los impasses y las controversias que intervienen en la evaluación diagnóstica de la identidad de género de los niños y adolescentes en términos de fijeza y permanencia.

Transgender patients and the role of the coagulation clinician.

The medical care of transgender patients relies on the use of sex hormones to develop and maintain the physical characteristics consistent with gender identity as the first step in transitioning. Hormonal therapy is usually continued indefinitely, even following gender-affirming surgeries. The use of hormonal treatments is associated with a multitude of positive effects as well as complications and side effects. The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major concern. Transgender patients are often referred to coagulation specialists for advice regarding an individual patient's risk for VTE, especially if there is a personal or family history of VTE. Coagulation specialists need to be familiar with endocrine therapy including the goals of treatment and the VTE risks associated with currently used hormone regimens. We will review common referral questions and the available data and their limitations for the use of hormonal therapy in transgender patients focusing on the risk of VTE.

[Approach to the causes of discharge and health needs of transgender people through the National Hospital Discharge Survey in Spain during the period 2001 to 2013]. / Aproximación a las causas de ingreso de las personas trans a través del conjunto mínimo básico de datos en España durante el periodo 2001 a 2013.

OBJECTIVE: The health of transgender people is a little studied topic and hospital records can be an opportunity to make an approach. The aim of this study was to describe the cause for admission and the associated comorbidities of transgender people in Spain between 2001 and 2013. METHODS: Retrospective observational study with population-based administrative records (Minimum Basic Data Set). The discharges generated by the transgender in Spanish public and private hospitals were selected using one of the following ICD-9-CM codes in any diagnostic field: Trans-sexualism (302.5), Disorders of psychosexual identity (302.6) and Gender identity disorder in adolescents or adults (302.85). The causes of admission and comorbidity according were described. The qualitative variables were described in their frequency distribution according to their number(n) and proportion(%) and the quantitative variables according to their mean and standard deviation (SD) or median (MD) and interquartile range (RIQ) according to their distribution. RESULTS: A total of 2,010 highs were recorded corresponding to 1,878 patients. The mean age was 33 years (SD = 10). 51% were male, 46% female and 3% undetermined or unspecified. The discharges were motivated in 59% by the process of body modification, followed by HIV (4%) and personality disorders (3%). The most common comorbidities were those associated with body modification (49%), mental health problems (40%) and infectious diseases (15%). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to address the health of transgender people in a comprehensive way that takes into account their specific health needs, including bodily modification, mental health, HIV and other infections, through strategies that include improve research, tailor health information systems and develop guidelines and training of healthcare providers in this transgender health.

OBJETIVO: La salud de las personas transexuales es un tema poco estudiado y los registros hospitalarios pueden suponer una oportunidad para hacer una aproximación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el motivo de ingreso hospitalario y las comorbilidades asociadas de las personas transexuales en España entre los años 2001 y 2013. METODOS: Estudio observacional con registros administrativos de base poblacional (Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos). Se seleccionaron las altas generadas de los hospitales españoles con alguno de los siguientes códigos CIE-9-MC en cualquier campo diagnóstico: Transexualismo (302.5), Trastorno de identidad sexual en niños (302.6) y Trastornos de identidad sexual en adolescentes o adultos (302.85). Se describieron las causas de ingreso y las comorbilidadades. Las variables cualitativas se describieron en su distribución de frecuencias según su número (n) y proporción (%) y las variables cuantitativas según su media y desviación estándar (DE) o mediana (MD) y rango intercuartíl (RIC) según su distribución. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 2.010 altas correspondientes a 1.878 pacientes. La edad media fue de 33 años (DE = 10). El 51% eran varones, el 46% mujeres y el 3% indeterminado. Los motivos de ingreso más frecuentes fueron los relacionados con proceso de transición (59%), seguido de VIH (4%) y trastornos de la personalidad (3%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes estuvieron relacionadas con el proceso de transición (49%), los problemas de salud mental (40%) y las enfermedades infecciosas (15%). CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario abordar la salud de las personas trans teniendo en cuenta sus necesidades específicas de salud, entre las que se encuentran la modificación corporal, la salud mental, el VIH y otras infecciones mediante estrategias que incluyan la investigación, la adecuación de los sistemas de información sanitaria, la elaboración de guías de atención y la formación de personal de salud.